Dollars and Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dollars and Dreams - Essay Example There are still others that consider it to be a place that is known for waste and industrialism where the plenitude is flooding to such an extent that there isn't sufficient space to hold all that is created and discarded. Reality that it is a position of difficulty where individuals make a solid effort to scarcely endure is seldom the overall impression of the American Dream. The film Dollars and Dreams: West Africans in New York (2007) is a narrative that talks about the experience and wonder of movement from West Africa to the United States. The narrative producers investigate reality of life in New York for the individuals who have relocated from West Africa into what they thought would be a simpler and progressively fruitful life. Through a story that incorporates fruitful, enduring, and battling outsiders from West Africa, the film makes an elective viewpoint on the experience of living in New York and in the United States. The makers of the movie were Jeremy Rocklin an Abdel K ader Ouedarogo with Jeremy Rocklin coordinating and it is conveyed by Documentary Educational Resources. One of the primary explanations made in the film is by Chika Onyeani who is the Publisher and Editor in Chief of The African Sun Times is that there is an observation that in America cash falls from the sky. President of Cape Aloe Ferox Worldwide, Arthur Smith, states in the film that the dollar is all-powerful and that they think it is simple in America and Zain Abdullah of Temple University uncovers that the main amazing thing that foreigners from West Africa experience is that there is neediness in America and that it isn't as simple to discover wealth in the place where there is fresh chances to succeed. The idea of chance turns out to be all the more genuine as in while there might be opportunity, one needs to look and discover it (Rocklin and Ouedarogo, 2007). Zain Abdullah keeps on talking about the way of life of foreigners as they carry on with an existence of misdirecti on where they battle by working a few employments, however then present their encounters to those back home as satisfying the desires that they had when they left their home to go to the new land. The duplicity depends on the discernments that are advanced in West Africa that there is only wealth in the United States and to go to America and battle would be seen as a disappointment. Abdullah states that it resembles going into a gold mine and coming out with nothing to appear for the exertion (Rocklin and Ouedarogo, 2007). Kaira-Murdock (2008) composes that the explanation that Jeremy Rocklin an Abdel Kader Ouedarogo chose to make this narrative was to make an increasingly reasonable perspective on New York for West Africans before they settled on the choice to move from their country and look for their fortunes. The real factors of New York and the pace of destitution, even among the working poor, is something that isn't viewed as when settling on the choice to move. The film is ou twardly agitating as the trash in the road and the unattended urban setting is differentiated to the prosperous speakers who talk about the real factors of moving to New York, despite the fact that most of the underlying speakers have unmistakably discovered their own accomplishment in this nation. The genuine issue with movement from different countries is that the picture of America depends on Hollywood vision that is appeared in films. Bigotry dependent on obscurity is uncommon in West Africa so the experience of being mistreated comes as a shock for a large number of the individuals who move to New York. Kaira-Murdock (2

Analyzing Poetry Essay Example for Free

Investigating Poetry Essay Ezra Pound’s verse is striking in its break from the clear refrain which involved the page during the supernatural time frame. Taking focuses from Whitman’s free stanza style, Pound gives the peruser an emotional gander at verse. The sonnet A Virginal gives the peruser the two ghosts and substantial sentiments of which the storyteller is feeble to control (much as the war caused kinsmen to feel a weakness in the demise of their companions). This is bolstered with lines, for example, â€Å"And left me shrouded similarly as with a dressing of aether† (Pound line 5). It is this emblematic mutilation that war speaks to which assumes a huge job in Pound’s sonnet. Pound’s sonnet War Verse Pound offers a somewhat irresolute input of World War I. The purpose of the sonnet is that he needs artists to give officers their time; he was talking about artists winning honors for their sonnets about the war, of which they had seen no activity. The starting lines of War Verse are, â€Å"O two-penny writers, stay composed! For you have nine years out of each ten To go gunning for magnificence with pop firearms; Be still, give the troopers their turns† (Pound lines 1-2). In either sonnet this thought of not having the option to take care of the war and the passings that were the result of that war, are the stimulus to Pound’s emotions. The type of either sonnet are comparative, and the topic obviously is strikingly the equivalent. In T. S. Eliot’s perspective on the past as explained upon in his article Tradition and the Individual Talent have to do with following convention. Eliot condemns artists and pundits for just after a convention that is simply one age expelled from the present and says that we should follow the development of the artist, not the scope of his work, not the work finished with less force as we are well-suited to do. In his paper Eliot says we should comprehend what it is the point at which we talk about convention; which implies that we can't disregard any of the work, that an artist must endeavor maintain custom in knowing the full span of writing (not simply the past generation’s triumphs) as Eliot states, the authentic sense constrains a man to compose not just with his own age in his bones, yet with an inclination that the entire of the writing of Europe from Homer and inside it the entire of the writing of his own nation has a concurrent presence and creates a synchronous request. (Eliot section 3) For T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock can be supposed to be the tending to old enough, life, and one’s individual battle with the death of days. The numerous implications all through the sonnet might be ascribed to different issues concerning one’s developing old. In line two, for instance, Eliot makes the correlation of the night to an oblivious patient on a surgical table. The result of this examination is that the peruser starts to consider the to be as not the finish of a day, but instead the finish of someone’s life †mature age. With this implication utilized in Eliot’s sonnet the peruser is permitted to investigate their own comprehension of how their life has been in contrast with the representations utilized by Eliot. In this way, the peruser turns into a piece of the sonnet; an attentive person in the story/sonnet told by Eliot. The representation of the hour of day toward the start of the sonnet, at that point drives the peruser to see the remainder of the sonnet in a way helpful for that correlation †with the entirety of the allegories managing life. This examination is additionally squeezed in line 23, with â€Å"And in fact there will be time†. This cements the similitude of time, and a person’s dealings with it. Eliot appeared to appreciate writing in the powerful perspectives and undoubtedly this is unequivocally reflected in Prufrock, while Eliot offsets this composition with solid symbolism. Despite the fact that Eliot demands â€Å"there will be time†, he follows this line with a rundown of numerous things that one does all through their life. This broad rundown would fill a lifetime, and in this manner disprove the possibility of perpetual time that line 23 induces. Eliot got a kick out of the chance to write in inconsistencies since mankind was brimming with conflict focuses and Catch 22s. The delays and pointless activities of life recorded in this sonnet are not an attestation of the capacity to accomplish these objectives, or burn through this time, yet rather it is an admonition that time goes, without regard to the longing or plan of an individual. Eliot talks about this by showing that his hair is diminishing, something that he doesn't want to happen, yet does †beyond his ability to do anything about. This again is the otherworldly part of Eliot’s composing which could maybe have been motivated by Donne’s work, yet Eliot’s composing style is by all accounts more sensible than Donne’s and Eliot composes with a kind of focusing on the edges of humankind and investigating darker ideas of the human brain, for example, demise and time in this sonnet. Works Cited The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Vol. II, ed. Lauter, et al (Vols. C, D, a

Rapid Mitigation Controlling DDoS Attack Damage

Rapid Mitigation Controlling DDoS Attack Damage Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Rapid Mitigation: Controlling DDoS Attack DamageUpdated On 11/02/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : SecurityShort URL : https://hbb.me/2CQwgPo CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAhh2018, the year of the big, bad, volumetric distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. Remember the then-world-record Github attack in February (1.3 Tbps) and another world-record attack (1.7 Tbps) five days later in March?Unfortunately, 2018 was the latest of several years of DDoS whoppers. During the past five years, the trend has been clear. Larger botnets are carrying out more powerful attacks with a wider variety of tools and tech that amplify the damage done to targets. And that’s the problem. The sheer mind-boggling size of DDoS attacks and the bizarre amplification methods used usually take center stage. The damage done often gets far less attention and news coverage.Focus on damage and damage controlThe days when DDoS attacks were a minor-league nuisance to IT teams are long gone. Now, we’re talking major-league damage to companies of any size or industry. When hackers release a DDoS attack, they start a process that can do all sorts of physical, financial and business damage. Here’s a list of consequences of DDoS-related slow networks or downtime:Damage to a company’s brand or reputation, when disappointed users lose trust in and stop doing business with a DDoS attack target.Revenue lost when e-commerce customers cannot use the website during and after an attack.Employee effort and productivity lost when the network goes down.Recovery costs such as in-house IT recovery operations and ad campaigns to refurbish a tarnished brand.Paid compensation of damages described in SLAs and other contracts.Physical damage to ISP infrastructure, a recently identified problem.Stolen data or intellectual property, the result of DDoS attacks used as a smokescreen for data th eft.On average, DDoS attacks last several hours and can completely disrupt an online service. However, 9 percent of attacks that make services go dark last from two days to a week. In another 7 percent of cases, these attacks last for several weeks or more.The damage is not limited to downtime. Many DDoS attacks also include network intrusions, usually application-layer attacks. These attacks could lead to additional damage, such as the loss or theft of intellectual property and other sensitive data.DDoS attack damage and mitigation As all IT security pros know, attack recovery time is greater than network downtime. Total DDoS attack damage includes (but isn’t limited to) the time and resources needed to recover. Also, attack mitigation time is an essential part of total recovery time. So, reducing the time required to mitigate an attack is an effective way to reduce the total damage.These facts are real for all attack targets, regardless of their size or industry. That’s why ra pid mitigation time is vital to all potential DDoS attack targetsâ€"in other words, every business connected to the Internet.READBuying Online: 5 Things You Should Keep In MindThe continuing growth of DDoS attack size and costs make rapid mitigation a valuable service. If you get hit by an attack, expect to pay $20,000 to $100,000, which doesn’t include indirect costs of SLA penalties and revenue lost to disenchanted customers.Even short downtime episodes can ruin online service providers’ bottom line. The key to active DDoS mitigation: discovering attacks and stopping them before they can do damage.Stopping DDoS attacks in secondsThe DDoS mitigation process detects attacks and scrubs malware while it protects the network’s infrastructure from downtime. In a three-step process, a mitigation service:Detects a DDoS attack.Analyzes malicious traffic and creates data scrubbing instructions.Blocks and scrubs malicious traffic.Mitigation time is the time between the first malicious traffic entering your network to the start of the data scrubbing process.Ideally, DDoS protection stops an attack before any downtime occurs. Achieving this level of performance requires the solution to detect and analyze traffic and create scrubbing instructions in milliseconds.High-powered technologies drive rapid mitigation Advanced mitigation approaches combine high-volume, high-speed data analytics and machine learning algorithms to detect, describe analyze, and clean malicious data quickly without disturbing legitimate traffic or the website user experience.Currently, rapid mitigation times are measured in seconds. (Ten seconds is the current industry record). Advanced DDoS mitigation solutions should include these features and capabilities to provide multi-second protection services:High-volume data storage capacity, which accommodates interconnected scrubbing facilities used to profile traffic and block malicious data.Robust network capacity, which enables protection service s to move high volumes of malicious data to scrubbing services and maintain optimal website conditions during a DDoS attack.High-speed data analytics capabilities, which enable IT pros to establish a baseline of network traits and behavior.Automated attack defense software, which can flag suspicious data characteristics or activity.Advanced tools and techniques, such as deep packet inspection, automated bot detection, IP blocking, and an enterprise-grade web application firewall.Customer control over security management features such as rate limiting, blacklisting, whitelisting, IP reputation network, and IP blocking.A mitigation time guarantee in the SLA. The SLA is where DDoS mitigation services providers get realâ€"or not. If you’re looking for blistering-fast mitigation times, isn’t it reasonable to ask for it in writing?Rapid mitigation times are becoming part of standard DDoS attack protection practice. When it comes to costs and grief to your business, it pays to find and use protective services that keep the risk of DDoS attack damage low.

Presentation Of A Presentation On The Presentation

Presentation Report As per the Assessment Task 4 requirement for the presentation with individual written report, myself Ashma, Ivan and Sean were allocated as a ‘group 2’ participants. Our topic for the group presentation was ‘Measurement Issues’ which was performed by us on week 5 on our respective tutorial class. We, three divided our presentation tasks in 3 parts where I was assigned to speak and present my performance at first half, Ivan supported and justified his arguments on the second half and further, on the last half Sean mentioned his issues and brought the presentation in to the conclusion. My first part in the presentation was to speak and provide information about our topic i.e.†¦show more content†¦The word ‘Measurement’ is an often used term in the field of mathematics, science, technology, quantitative research and many more other disciplines. Measurement can simply be understood as the process of measuring, quantifying or estimating some thing in monetary terms. The most commonly measurement units used in general are kilogram, metre, candela, mole, second, ampere and kelvin. However, in accounting field measurement has its own specific definition which means that it is a process of determining the monetary amounts by recognising the elements of the financial statements and carrying them in the income statement and balance sheet. In the presentation, I described about the measurement definition, mixed measurement model, advantages and disadvantages of measurement models, identification of different measurement models, brief definition of the models - historical cost, current cost, fair value, present value and deprival value, explanation of the principles of measurement and also I used the examples of the biological assets to provide information on how measurement model are selected to measure the assets or liabilities. Before selecting a measurement model for the assets/liabilities, various considerations are adopte d like focussing on advantages or disadvantages of the model, its

Odysseus Characteristics - 1083 Words

The Odyssey, an epic, thousands of years old and yet still read today by many. It tells the story of Odysseus and his journey home to his wife, Penelope. Odysseus is one mythic Greek hero renowned for his brain as well as muscle. He is the paragon of a Greek hero who embodies balance, well-roundedness, and wholeness: a sound mind in a sound body, a speaker of words and a doer of deeds, strength and gentleness (moral courage and a good heart), bravery on the field of battle and appreciation for the beautiful. Odysseus demonstrates an exemplary ideal of how well-rounded and balanced everyone should seek to become. Odysseus possesses a sound mind in a sound body, meaning he is both intelligent and athletic. Many characters only possess one of†¦show more content†¦The two qualities balance one another out nicely, and if Odysseus doesn’t possess both characteristics, the suitors will defeat him. One who is a speaker of words and a doer of deeds is a leader. Odysseus preoves to be a good leader through out many trials and tribulations. Firstly, he decides to go to war with the Greeks even though he does not wish to leave Penelope, and son, Telemanchos, in Ithica. However, showing great selflessness, he puts aside his personal desires and offers himself to the protection of his country. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Homer portrayed Odysseus as a man of outstanding wisdom and shrewdness, eloquence, resourcefulness, courage, and endurance† (â€Å"Odysseus†). During the war with Troy, he suggests the stratagem of the Wooden Horse. This becomes the infamous means which ends the Trojan War. He also bravely protects his men from many setbacks on their voyage home such as the encounters with Polyphemus, Circe, the sirens, and Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus is brawny, and works harder than most anyone. â€Å"You are a hard man, Odysseus. Your force is greater, your limbs never wear out. You must be made all of iron† (Homer 12.279-280). His strength and moral courage become quite clear during several predicaments he is involved in, including when he fights off the suitors, and escapes from Polyphemus, the Cyclops. Odysseus’ encounter with and escape from Polyphemus is hisShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Odysseus1037 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a hero? A hero is someone who is admired for their courage and outstanding achievements. Odysseus has many characteristic of a hero. From being determined to get back to his homeland and family, to being courageous about everything. Lastly to being smart and intelligent about what he does on his journey home. Odysseus displays all of these traits very well in the book The Odyssey by Homer. People in todays world who are fearless and are determined to go what it takes to r each their goalsRead MoreCharacteristics Of Odysseus1317 Words   |  6 Pagesexample, in The Odyssey by Homer, the main character Odysseus has many valuable traits that cause him to be seen as a hero. Throughout his adventures and journeys of, Odysseus portrays many qualities of a hero. These qualities, such as his thoughtful cleverness, strength and leadership, along with his determination are the reason why he is able to make it back to his homeland after 20 difficult years at sea, and be considered by many, a hero. Odysseus’ cleverness and ability to think ahead are just oneRead MoreCharacteristics Of Odysseus1440 Words   |  6 Pagesby Homer, Odysseus goes through this epic sea voyage that takes him nearly 10 years. Along the way, Odysseus faces many challenges he has to overcome in order to reach Ithaka, his home, but all his crew members end up dying because of Odysseus’ actions. Like the quote said by the Prophet Muhammad, Odysseus isn’t able to reach home quickly because of his arrogance and other flaws to his personality. Many readers will argue that Odysseus is a hero for returning home heroically, but Odysseus has manyRead MoreCharacteristics Of Odysseus750 Words   |  3 Pagesclever Odysseus â€Å"How do you like the beating that I gave you, you damned cannibal† (9.397-398)? This quote is from The Odyssey by Homer. This story is about the main character Odysseus and takes place after Odysseus defeated the Trojans in the Trojan War. After defeating the Trojans Odysseus is trying to get back to his home Ithaca. The story also mentions the cleverness and arrogance of Odysseus. Odysseus shows these traits in the confrontation with Polyphemus and the Sirens. Odysseus is arrogantRead MoreCharacteristics Of Odysseus755 Words   |  4 PagesOdyssey written by Homer is an adventure filled story with the main character, Odysseus. Odysseus is a man that many would call arrogant, but when it comes to his men, he does what is best. He and his men fought against many foes to get back to his home island, Ithaca. They stayed alive through Odysseus’s leadership, and through his leadership, his men stood strong to the very end. Some of the traits that qualify Odysseus as an outstanding hero that readers can admire include is his loyalty, strengthRead MoreCharacteristics Of Odysseus852 Words   |  4 Pagesthinks of when it comes to heroes. Odysseus is not only a king that goes through a lot, but he also has so many more features to his personality. Each trait develops over the course of the story and by the end of the book, Odysseus is a hero. Courage is the first trait someone might notice, because he is willing to take risks and give up ev erything, even his life. Intelligence is present in almost everything Odysseus does. Lastly, leadership is a trait that Odysseus has had since the very beginningRead MoreOdysseus : The Characteristics Of A Homeric Hero1720 Words   |  7 Pagesqualities (483). Odysseus fulfills all of the requirements for an epic hero and more. He demonstrates his ability to be an articulate speaker, and his poise aids him on his journey. His endless curiosity has gotten him into dilemmas, while his superb displays of strength and cunningness have helped both him and his crew escape danger. His arrogance sets him back, but his loyalty is what drives him forward on his long and treacherous expedition. In the first few lines of The Odyssey, Odysseus describes himselfRead MoreCharacteristics Of Odysseus As An Archetypal Hero873 Words   |  4 Pagesall want to be one. And some are just natural born heroes, for example, Odysseus from Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey†, he is the archetypal hero in many ways. However, John the savage, from Aldous Huxley’s â€Å"Brave New World† has the characteristics of an archetypal hero but in the end, nothing is really achieved for him. Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell created the characteristics of an archetypal hero. They created these characteristics based on recurring patterns, images, and situations found in: mythologyRead MoreEpic Heroes : The Characteristics Of Odysseus1105 Words   |  5 Pagesachievements. Commonly, epic heroes would share similar characteristics which define them as one. Characteristics of epic heroes can be compared between different famous epics. Odysseus fits the criteria of an epic hero because he embodies the cultural values of perseverance, courage, and being loyal to his family and crew. Initially, Odysseus undergoes tasks, but perseveres through them even though they are nearly impossible to complete. After Odysseus passes the Sirens, he soon approaches the island thatRead MoreThe Four Characteristics Of Odysseus959 Words   |  4 Pagesyour best to learn from the wrong ones, -Unknown. In the epic poem, â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer, the main character shows positive traits of a leader. I believe that Odysseus is primarily an effective leader. Now, yes he made poor judgment calls but that’s what being human is about, making mistakes learning from them, and moving forward. Odysseus showed many of the four traits including Communication, Delegation, innovation, and motivation in either a positive or negative way. Although he used these traits

Implementing A New Plan For Business - 1325 Words

CHANGE LEADERSHIP Our software development company is one of the successful companies in the industry for a long time. The company is very popular among the customer because of its exceptional customer services and quality products. Now this year the company facing a difficulty due to the change of the operating system done by Microsoft and for this our software becomes obsolete. So it is necessary to make some changes in our company and need to come up with a new plan in order to stay in the business. Developing a Strategic Plan The development of a new plan for business and its implementation needs a lot of effort and time. However, our dedicated experts developed the plan and implementation procedures following the 10 steps which are†¦show more content†¦Assessing the External Environment The external factor is that probably the other company which is also offering the similar services and software products to the customers may compete with our company. But due to our and large market and efficient advertising policy, it is very difficult for our competitors to offer the lower price for the software than the price of our company. Our company has another competitive advantage is that our brand name which is very popular among the customers. Analyzing Internal Arrangements The team, which is working for this project is under the research and development wing of the company composed of a manager, one supervisor and technicians and engineers and some supporting staffs. Each member of the team is encouraged to communicate with each other and the team lead will communicate about the progress and problems of the members to the supervisor. The supervisor will then consult with the manager for necessary arrangement. Our company has an open door policy, so any member of the team can talk to manager and director of the company for the immediate solution of the problem. Assessing the Competitive Advantage The company has a very good reputation among the customers for its reliable and good quality software with relatively lower prices than the other competitive company in the industry. Our company has been established in the market for over thirty years. The company is known for its excellentShow MoreRelatedIntroduction and Implementation of New Technology in a Company1862 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Implementing Technology in a Company: In the current business world, change has become an important aspect of many organizations and businesses. As a result of the inevitability of change in todays business world, the ability to implement and maintain new technology is one of the most vital ways for a company to survive and enhance its competitiveness. For many managers, the process of implementing new technology system requires adhering to the key steps in the implementation process. The otherRead MoreStrategy Implementation852 Words   |  4 Pages :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.   Action Planning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.   Organization Structure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.   Human Resources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.   The Annual Business Plan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.   Monitoring and Control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6.   Linkage. | | | | Action PlanningFirst, organizations successful at implementing strategy develop detailed action plans... chronological lists of action steps (tactics) which add the necessary detail to their strategies. And assign responsibility to a specific individualRead MoreCase Study : Named Food Fantastic Company1046 Words   |  5 Pagestheir data center. Recently, the company issued a new system regarding payments that uses fingerprints bio coding. The reason for the review is basically the new implementation of such a huge system in which the company needs to make sure that they are complying with the SOX requirements and the auditing policies. Purpose After implementing the new payment system, a series of examinations must be implemented in order to figure out if the new system is complying with the controls. Comparing theRead MoreEssay on Strategic Program Management Worksheet1683 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Program Management Worksheet IMPLEMENTING ORGANIZATIONAL INITIATIVES The purpose of this assignment is to begin the process of Problem Based Learning. In this step, you will be looking at one or more realistic situations and using them, in the context of this course, to identify the key concepts involved that you will need to understand in order to solve whatever problems you might encounter in those situations. Complete the table below by identifying at least five concepts that youRead MoreTaking A Step Back To Juran’S Steps Once The Concept Of1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of goals have been accepted by the sponsors there must be a determination of how to implement the quality management plan. Once the plan is accepted there must be steps taken to facilitate this plan to staff who will be responsible for the execution of the tasks and activities that will uphold the plan. Once the implementation has taken place and the quality management plan is actively in place for the organization there will be a need to mature the level of quality within the organization. OnceRead MoreInformation And Communication Technology At Campbell Soup Company898 Words   |  4 Pagesand maintain the business system successful. 2.2. Responsibilities for ICT ïÆ'Ëœ Put in place well understood responsibilities for ICT [information and communication technology] throughout the organisation. After Campbell announced the project, at the first stage, they plan to organise several meetings to ensure all team member could clearly satisfy with the plan that they are trying to challenge and understand the accomplishment of the plan by explaining the whole picture of the plan and governanceRead MoreTechnology Information : Technology And Information Changes892 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology and information changes are required. Cutting-edge chemical technology can make Woodson Chemical Company into a low-cost producer; the company must develop a plan to integrate each division’s responsibilities for consumers’ orders and information status. The important issues to consider when acquiring and implementing new technology are programmatic, technical, cost, schedule and sometimes supportability. One of the largest risk noticed when reviewing this case, is the cost involved inRead MoreHow Effective Is The Partnership Between It And The Business At Hefty Hardware?919 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion #1: Overall, how effective is the partnership between IT and the business at Hefty Hardware? Identify the shortcomings of both IT and the business. The partnership at Hefty Hardware between IT and the business is not effective. One of the core problems faced by Hefty Hardware was the lack of a productive, working relationship between the company’s IT and business divisions. The four building blocks needed for a foundation on which a solid relationship could be constructed; competence,Read MoreA Strong Leader Always Come Up With Great Ideas.The First1090 Words   |  5 Pagesassembling an effective team to bring it together, and to create a successful business venture. To separate the strong leaders from the weak ones, the strong leaders have the ability to successfully execute a plan. A strong leader tends to possess certain qualities, including honesty, positive attitudes, commitment, inspire, delegate, confidence, and communication. Moreover, leaders should be able to strategize and organize a plan effectively in order for their organization to be successful in the healthcareRead MoreFin 370 Week2 Team Assignment Sta rbucks Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of plans are used to help the company reach its overall goals. The definition of financial planning states that it is â€Å"a comprehensive evaluation of an investor’s current and future financial state by using currently known variable to predict future cash flows, asset values, and withdrawal plans.† This definition helps us to understand that a financial plan determines the total worth of a company and can be used to help predict the future revenue that would come in or go out of the business. Now

The Misconceptions Of The Jungle By Upton free essay sample

Sinclair Essay, Research Paper Upton Sinclair had ever insisted that The Jungle was misread but did he of all time think it could hold been miswritten? The manner of authorship is non effectual when turn toing issues in a capitalistic society but proves to be really effectual when exposing the secrets of the meat packing industry. The novel is non remembered for being a authoritative work in literature but instead an of import book in history in that it changed the manner America looked at nutrient in the early portion of the century. Sinclair loses his statement for Socialism at around the clip when the characters in the book lose their humanity. The battalion of unfortunate state of affairss and events makes the narrative more and more unrealistic and the reader loses a sense of compassion for the characters. Now, alternatively of being characters, they become objects in which the most you can make is feel for them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Misconceptions Of The Jungle By Upton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Jurgis comes place from gaol to happen his hardly 18 year-old married woman death, the 3rd individual all-knowing narrative guides the reader through the head of Jurgis: ? She was dead! She was dead! He would neer see her once more, neer hear her once more! An icy horror of loneliness seized him. ? ( 190 ) After Ona? s decease, one could non expect anything more to travel incorrect, but it does. In merely a short clip subsequently, Jurgis? boy Antanas drowned in the street. It is highly obvious that Sinclair is a Socialistic himself. Anything and everything that could travel incorrect in the first three quarters of the book does, and one time Jurgis is introduced to Socialism, everything ironically plenty, goes right. After the decease of small Antanas, Jurgis goes through an emotional turbulence. ? There should be no more cryings and no more tenderness ; he had had sufficiency of them # 8211 ; they sold him into bondage! ? ( 212 ) This is the beginning of Jurgis? socialist manner of thought and it seems ideal for him, but at the same clip, it seems like a last resort for person so unfortunate that they are really removed from a human society. Not many know how to experience for Jurgis at this point. This is more tha n most can manage. In novels where a chief character dies, a great trade of empathy is felt but when another dies and yet another, it merely seems like there isn? t adequate emotion left to give. The inquiry is non if Jurgis? emotions are justified but if his emotions are humanly come-at-able. That is the inquiry that destroys Sinclair? s Socialist statement. As Sinclair? s point of view for Socialism proves non to be every bit convincing as what was hoped, the manner of composing proves to be successful in exposing the truth of the meat packing industry. A combination of the reporter-style 3rd individual narrative and the copiousness of factual information dug up by Sinclair gives the book the flooring repute that it has earned. ? To this portion of the pace [ the fertiliser room ] came all the? tankage? and the waste merchandises of all kinds ; her they dried out the castanetss, # 8211 ; and in smothering basements where the daytime neer came you might see work forces and adult females and kids flexing over twirling machines and sawing spots of bone into all kinds of forms, take a breathing their lungs full of the all right dust, and doomed to decease, every one of them, within a certain definite time. ? ( 127 ) The publication of The Jungle had a great influence on the transition of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and has had a important impact on how we view public wellness. ? The first public wellness activities in the United States began in the early 19th century in the big metropoliss and focused on sanitation. ? ( Raffel 231 ) If insecure and insanitary working conditions were non exposed in the deepness that they were, it may hold been 10 old ages before public wellness was even an issue in American society. Sinclair had a serious impact on the history of this state. Sinclair has said? I aimed at the populace? s bosom, and by accident I hit it in the stomach. ? His Socialistic point of view was non conveyed every bit much as the secret horrors of the nutrient industry. As unwilled as that was, it is still really interesting to cognize. With that in head, The Jungle is an interesting position of life and political relations.

Picturesque diploma. Basics of Landscape Review Essay Example

Picturesque diploma. Basics of Landscape Review Paper Essay on Picturesque diploma. Basics of Landscape Serious book, is very serious. As indicated in the summary, it was first described in the methods and techniques of imaging and its main elements. Receptions air quality writing, techniques of performance of different types of circuit, the development of tonal relations Despite the fact that the landscape is most often drawn from nature, the artist can not do without imagination. imagination should not be confused with taking the work of memory, which refers to the exact repetition of previously seen object. We will write a custom essay sample on Picturesque diploma. Basics of Landscape Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Picturesque diploma. Basics of Landscape Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Picturesque diploma. Basics of Landscape Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ─ imagination is a creative gift, giving birth to a particular sensitivity, sharpness of vision of the world and neiss yakaemuyu fantasy, entrained in the new plots and characters. This is a mysterious quality ─ ─ imagination sometimes manifests itself in people very early. The writing subjects image is the basis of creative work of the painter.  » painter plans ─ is the original sketch. The path ─ scheme of movement of artistic thought. The inspiration ─ a special condition the human psyche, suggesting increased creative activity. skill ─ the ability to see the new real-life and deeply analyze it The author examines in detail all the stages of the work of the painter, not missing a single one of them. In the first part of the book discusses the features of artistic creation. In Second ─ Analysis of the basic laws of landscape painting. In the third ─ the basic techniques of the art of writing. In the fourth ─ analyzes the creative methods of work on the landscape of outstanding artists. In fifth examines the main practical issues of landscape painting.  «high aesthetic level scenic work is determined by how much in it reflects the heart, spiritual experiences of the artist ». This book will be useful to anyone who interested in painting amateurs and professionals .

Free Essays on The Demon Lover

During times of war, â€Å"people [are] often led down strange paths in search of indestructible landmarks in a destructible world† (Mitchell 44). Hallucinations provide such landmarks in extreme moments. Paranoia appears to those who encounter the intense emotions of war. The psychological shocks of war deprive and fray emotions. Pressures from a previous war threaten uncertainties and fears. In â€Å"The Demon Lover,† Elizabeth Bowen reflects how war can take revenge on a person’s emotions through her use of setting and characterization. In â€Å"The Demon Lover†, Bowen’s use of setting exemplifies that war can take revenge on a person’s emotions. While walking up to Kathleen Drover’s old home, â€Å"an unfamiliar queerness† fills her from the inside out (346). The visit home in which she experiences war, unsettles her. Memories of war escalate inside her. For Mrs. Drover, already prone to a sense of loss, â€Å"the return to the house is a shattering revelation, a threshold experience that activates her dormant hysteria† which brews inside her after all these years (Hughes 52). As Kathleen nudges her front door open, â€Å"dead air† greets her with remembrance of her past feelings (346). A ghost-like presence overwhelms Mrs. Drover, which ignites wartime emotions. The aged residence suggests the consciousness of time and the company of death. â€Å"The hollowness of the house . . . cancelled† many memories that Kathleen bears in her mind from her youth (350). Voices, ways of life, warmth and love fill her home until war rips it apart. The uninviting existence of her surroundings produces her present condition of madness. Mrs. Drover comprehends that down in the basement â€Å"a door or window was being opened by someone† to cause the draught that hits her face while she stands at the top of the staircase (351). The intensity of what Kathleen feels and experiences is as real as the war she experienced. â€Å"Through th... Free Essays on The Demon Lover Free Essays on The Demon Lover During times of war, â€Å"people [are] often led down strange paths in search of indestructible landmarks in a destructible world† (Mitchell 44). Hallucinations provide such landmarks in extreme moments. Paranoia appears to those who encounter the intense emotions of war. The psychological shocks of war deprive and fray emotions. Pressures from a previous war threaten uncertainties and fears. In â€Å"The Demon Lover,† Elizabeth Bowen reflects how war can take revenge on a person’s emotions through her use of setting and characterization. In â€Å"The Demon Lover†, Bowen’s use of setting exemplifies that war can take revenge on a person’s emotions. While walking up to Kathleen Drover’s old home, â€Å"an unfamiliar queerness† fills her from the inside out (346). The visit home in which she experiences war, unsettles her. Memories of war escalate inside her. For Mrs. Drover, already prone to a sense of loss, â€Å"the return to the house is a shattering revelation, a threshold experience that activates her dormant hysteria† which brews inside her after all these years (Hughes 52). As Kathleen nudges her front door open, â€Å"dead air† greets her with remembrance of her past feelings (346). A ghost-like presence overwhelms Mrs. Drover, which ignites wartime emotions. The aged residence suggests the consciousness of time and the company of death. â€Å"The hollowness of the house . . . cancelled† many memories that Kathleen bears in her mind from her youth (350). Voices, ways of life, warmth and love fill her home until war rips it apart. The uninviting existence of her surroundings produces her present condition of madness. Mrs. Drover comprehends that down in the basement â€Å"a door or window was being opened by someone† to cause the draught that hits her face while she stands at the top of the staircase (351). The intensity of what Kathleen feels and experiences is as real as the war she experienced. â€Å"Through th... Free Essays on The Demon Lover In the short story,† The Demon Lover†, by Elizabeth Bowen, Mrs. Drover has made a pact with the devil {claim statement}. Nineteen year-old Kathleen (Mrs. Drover) is engaged to a man who is about to leave for war {background}. Oddly enough, he is not very receptive to her emotionally and actually, is rather frigid acting towards the young girl whom he is supposed to marry. Actually, it seems to be more of a business relationship than a bond created out of love. There are many ways that Elizabeth Bowen proves to the reader that Mrs. Drover has made a pact with the devil {warrant}. By making a pact with the devil I mean, surrendering blood as part of an oath to Satan, trading one’s soul for a favor for a specified number of years and/or accepting the Devils mark {definition}. Upon entering the house, an eerie feeling hangs in the air. Bowen makes this known by describing the atmosphere and feelings that are felt by Mrs. Drover as she walks into the old house. For example, nobody knows that she is coming to town; yet, as she enters the dark, cold room her eyes fall to a fresh letter placed on a dusty table by the door. The date on the letter is the present day, no return address can be found, and there is no stamp, which proves that the letter has not gone through the mail. As Kathleen opens the letter, Bowen makes it clear that the Devil has returned to make sure that the promise, made 25 years ago, by the young girl and the face-less man is honored. The meaning of the pact made in â€Å"The Demon Lover† can be interpreted in many different ways. For instance, one point of view in this matter is that the Devil promises Kathleen that she will marry and bear children in a time when men are scarce due to the war, and she, in return, will join him in 25 years. In times of war, women are abundant and men are extremely scarce for the obvious reason. In 1916, when this story takes place, women do not have many choices concerni... Free Essays on The Demon Lover â€Å"The Demon Lover,† by Elizabeth Bowen, is a story about Kathleen Drover and a promise that she makes twenty-five years before. Kathleen goes to her old house in order to collect a few belongings, and she finds a letter inside the house with her name on it. It discusses an arranged meeting between herself and someone whom she shares an â€Å"anniversary† with. She begins to think, all the while becoming more and more cautious and afraid. She becomes frantic, and plans to leave the house and find a taxi so that she can return to the house and take the driver inside with her, so that she can collect the items that she needs. When she finds a taxi, she sits in the back seat, only to discover that the driver of the car is the man she is trying to escape from. He drives off â€Å"into the hinterland of deserted streets.† The central idea is that when people make promises, escaping from those promises is not always possible. Kathleen is obviously a naà ¯ve girl when she is younger. She meets a man who pays attention to her, and she becomes fixated with him. He makes her promise to wait for him, and he has her make a blood promise by cutting the palm of her hand with one of his military buttons. After this encounter, she tries to forget about her promise, and she tries to escape her fate. She even represses the memory of what he looks like, and the details of her promise. A dynamic character, she is strong and brave when she enters the old house, but by the end, her fear gets the best of her and she panics. By becoming panicked, she plays right into his hands. The conflict in the story is between honoring commitments and breaking them in an effort to change the past, and it is an internal conflict. The man in this story symbolizes the devil, and Kathleen makes an agreement with him in blood that she will wait for him, and be with him in twenty-five years. In the meantime, she gets married and has children because she believe...

English paper exploring the idea of epiphany Essay

English paper exploring the idea of epiphany - Essay Example It can reflect any fresh and instant understanding that impacts the character's life. In the works of James Joyce and Robert Frost, we can see small epiphanies, knowledge with internal and personal consequence, yet possessing the power to change a character's world. In James Joyce's short story, "Araby," the young boy lives a drab and nearly colorless life. It is only the presence of Mangan's sister that provides illumination to his world. He is literally ensconced in the shadows whenever he sees her, "her figure defined by the light" (Joyce 2236) To the young boy, she is the very definition of light, "her namea summons to all my foolish blood" (Joyce 2237). This is the beginning of the narrator's understanding about the human condition, the call of a grown-up desire. Although he does not quite know how to talk to the girl, or what he should do with her if he could earn her love, he knows that she elicits in him certain sensations that transcend his experience with his family or friends. First, he learns to love, and his amorphous dreams about her color his burgeoning adult understanding. From an irresistible vision, she becomes something heavenly, evoking "strange prayers and praises" (Joyce 2237). In his mind, he becomes a supplicant to her beauty, and his emotions take on a religious fervor. With the attitude of a religious devout, "I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: O love! O love! many times" (Joyce 2237). He is here placing beauty on an altar and worshipping it from afar. He does this because he is still a child, and the girl, while real, does not constitute a tangible reality to him. Love is exotic and indescribable, like god. The narrator tells us several times that he has no notion of how to act on his feelings. He says, "I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration" (Joyce 2237). She is, for the time being, a principle rather than an intention. He can feel, but not respond. When she finally speaks to him, her simple words only confirm his previous assumptions. Again, we see her as the only bright thing in a drab world, as "the light from the lampcaught the white curve of her neck, lit up her hairlit up the hand upon the railing. Itcaught the white border of her petticoat" (Joyce 2237). It is significant that she speaks of Araby, the exotic-seeming bazaar; for the boy, the very word, "cast an Eastern enchantment" (Joyce 2238) just as the girl's name "was like a summons to all my foolish blood" (Joyce 2237). These both constitute surface understandings; the narrator's perception does not run deep because he has not yet learned to see beneath the exterior of things. In terms of the girl, he has seen no deeper than the hem of her petticoat, which is just as white and perfect as the rest of her visible surfaces. Of Araby, he knows even less, only that the object of his desire "would love to go." This all leads to the narrator's moment of epiphany, when he finally achieves the goal of Araby, which seems to him the key to the puzzle he doesn't quite understand. Once he experiences the bazaar, he feels he will finally have something to say to the girl, as well as something to give her. He will be able to translate his inexpressible

The Battle of Algiers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Battle of Algiers - Essay Example The movie is a real picture of what happened in Algeria during the colonial era. The movie is also developed following the story in the book the â€Å"Wretched of the earth.† The movie is featuring an actor representing the real Frantz Fanon who is the author of the book and was a key player during the Algerian independence struggle. The movie is reconstructed using realistic styles to be like a documentary in order to elaborately inform viewer on the historic event (Proyect). The movie documents all injustices and inhumanity the colonizers imposed on the people as they struggled for independence. In the movie the battle of the Algiers, the entire scenes are constructed using historic memories and content of the book written by Frantz Fanon â€Å"The wretched of the earth.† It is visualized that some content of the book were being imitated live in the movie. For example, there are live scenes in the movie where reenactment of a character acting as Fanon appears (Proyect). The actor representing Fanon in the movie speaks out citing real words used by the real Fanon from his various books (Proyect). In addition to this, there are various interviews in the movie showing statements from people who knew Fanon, his family, and FLN members (Proyect). Other people included were Fanon’s colleagues from the hospital he used to work from. When the movie is compared to the book, definitely the interviews and real speech are not evident. The book is purely descriptive of the events that took place. The entire move is also supported by inclusion of styles like music and other sounds that could depict emotion or an incurring incident (Proyect). There are real sounds of gunfire and bomb explosion heard and seen in the movie. Contrary, when comparing this with the book, it is different. The author of the book has to use written exclamation marks and written sound symbols to illustrate emotion and other sounds. In both the Frantz Fanons Wretched of the Earth

Marketing Management Assignment-Smu Essay Example for Free

Marketing Management Assignment-Smu Essay Q.1 A. Explain the six criteria for effective market segmentation * Identity The marketing manager must have some means of identifying members of the segment i.e., some basis for classifying an individual as being or not being a member of the segment. There must be clear differences between segments. Members of such segments can be readily identified by common characteristics as they display similar behavior. * Accessibility It must be possible to reach the different segments in regard to both promotion and distribution. ln other words, the organisation must be able to focus its marketing efforts on the chosen segment. Segments must be accessible in two senses. First, firms must be able to make segmented customers aware of products or services. Second, they must get products to them through the distribution system at a reasonable cost. * Responsiveness — A clearly defined segment must react to changes in any of the elements of the marketing mix. For example. if a particular segment is defined as being cost-conscious, it should react negatively to price rises. If it does not, this is an indication that the segment needs to be redefined. * Size The segment must be reasonably large to be a profitable target. Lt depends upon the number of people in it and their purchasing power. For example, makers of luxury goods may appeal to small but wealthy target markets whereas makers of cheap consumption goods may sell to a large but relatively poor target markets. * Nature of demand — lt refers to the different quantities demanded by various segments. Segmentation is required only if there are market differentiation in terms of demand. The marketing manager should not only be able to find out the total demand and the differences in demand patterns in each of these segments. * Measurability — The purpose of segmentation is to measure the changing behavioural pattern of consumers. For example, the segment of a market for a car is determined by a number of considerations, such as economy, status, quality, safety, comforts, etc. B. Discuss the types of target marketing strategies. * Undifferentiated marketing strategy or mass marketing strategy In the absence of a proper mechanism to classify the market into a number of markets segments and analyse their potential, many firms decide on the mass marketing strategy. In this case, the marketer goes against the idea of a differentiated market and decides to sell the product to the whole market. Here the marketing manager ignores the idea of segment characteristics and differences, and develops a unified marketing programme for the entire market. This strategy keeps the overall marketing costs low and makes it easier to manage and track the market forces uniformly. The marketer tries to find out commonalities across various segments rather than focusing on the differences between segments. * Concentrated marketing strategy In the second alternative strategy, the marketing manager decides to enter into a selected market segment instead of all the available market segments. When resources and market access are limited and the company has to face intense competition, the marketing manager has to stretch the budget for market coverage. In this case, the company is likely to follow the concentrated marketing strategy. * Differentiated marketing strategy Many marketers choose to target several segments or niches with a differentiated marketing offer to suit each market segment. Maruti is the leading automobile company, which has the distinction of having different products for different market segments. Q.2 Explain the consumer buying decision process. * Problem recognition A buying process starts when a consumer recognizes that there is a substantial discrepancy between his/her current state of satisfaction and expectations in a consumption situation. A need can be activated through internal or external stimuli. The basic needs of common men rise to a particular level and become a drive. From their previous experiences, they know how to satisfy these needs like hunger, thirst, sex, etc. This is a case of internal stimulus. A need can also be aroused by an external stimulus such as sighting a new product in a shop while purchasing other usual products. * Information search After need arousal, the behaviour of the consumer leads towards collection of available information about various stimuli. ln this case, information about products and services are gathered from various sources for further processing and decision-making. The first source of consumer information is the internal source. This means the consumer first search the information regarding the relevant product from his/her inner memory. If the information is not available from internal source for making a purchase decision he or she may collect information from external sources. A External sources for desired information can be grouped into four categories. * Personal sources (family, friends, neighbors, and peer group) * Commercial sources or market dominated sources (advertisements, salesmen, dealers, and company owned sales force) * Public sources (mass media, consumer rating organisations, and trade association publications) * Experiential sources (handling, examining, and using the product) The marketer will find it worthwhile to study the consumers’ information sources when: * A substantial percentage of the target market engages in the search * The target market shows some stable patterns of using the respective information sources. * Alternative evaluation Once interest in a product(s) is aroused, a consumer enters the subsequent stage of evaluation of alternatives. Evaluation leads to formation of buying intention that can be to either purchase or reject the product/brand. The final purchase will however depend on the strength of the positive-intention, which is the intention to buy. * Purchase decision Finally the consumer arrives at a purchase decision. Purchase decisions can be any one of the three no buying, buying later, and buy now. No buying takes the consumers to the problem recognition stage as their consumption problem is not solved and they may again get involved in the process as we have explained. A postponement of buying can be due to a lesser motivation or evolving personal and economic situation that forces the consumer not to buy now or postponement of purchase for future period of time. If positive attitudes are formed towards the decided alternative, the consumer will make a purchase. * Post-purchase behaviour Post-purchase behaviour refers to the behaviour of consumers after their commitment to a product has been made. It originates out of consumers’ experience regarding the use of the product and is indicated in terms of satisfaction. This behaviour is reflected in repeated purchases or abstinence from further purchase. A satisfied product-use experience leads to repeated purchase, referrals from satisfied customers to new customers, higher usage rate, and also brand advocacy. Q.3 A. Discuss the Henry Assael model on buying decision behaviour. Henry Assael has come up with an explanation to analyse why consumers buy the goods they buy. He explained the relationship between the level of involvement by the consumers in the purchase of goods and services and the level at which diverse goods or services differ from one another. High involvement Low Involvement Signiï ¬ cant differences Complex Variety Seeking between brands Buying Behaviour Buying Behaviour Few differences Dissonance Reducing Habitual Buying between brands Buying Behaviour * Complex buying behaviour — Consumers are highly involved in a purchase and aware of significant differences among brands. This is usually the case when the product is expensive, bought infrequently, risky, and highly self-expressive. Typically the consumers dont know much about the product category and have more to learn. Example: personal computer. * Dissonance-reducing — sometimes, the consumer is highly involved in a purchase but sees little differences in the brands. The high involvement is based on the fact that the purchase is expensive, infrequent, and risky. Example: carpet. After purchasing the carpet, consumers might experience dissonance that stems from noticing certain disquieting features of the carpet or hearing favorable things about other carpets. * Habitual buying behaviour Many products are bought under conditions flow consumer involvement and the absence of significant brand differences. Considering salt, consumers have little involvement in this product category. They go to the store and reach for a brand. If they keep reaching for the same brand, it is out of habit and not strong brand loyalty. * Variety-seeking buying Some buying situations are characterized by low consumer involvement but significant brand differences. Here consumers often do a lot of brand switching. Consumers do the brand switching for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. Example: wafer potato chips. B. Explain the five stages of Adoption Process. * Awareness During the first stage of adoption process, the product innovation is explained to the consumers. This process gives information about the new product or service. * Interest When consumers develop an interest in the product or product category, they search for information about how the innovation can benefit them. * Evaluation The evaluation stage represents a kind of ‘mental trial’ of the product innovation. Only if the consumers’ evaluation of the innovation is satisfactory, they will actually try the product. In case the evaluation is unsatisfactory, the product is automatically rejected. * TriaI- ln this stage- consumers use the product on a limited basis. Their experience with the product provides them with the critical information that they need to adopt or reject it. * Adoption -In this stage, consumers decide to make full and regular use of the product. Q.4 Describe the components of the micro environment of marketing * The company Some company factors that affect the marketing decisions are: Culture and value system — Organizational culture can be viewed as the system of shared values and beliefs that shape a company’s behavioural norms. A value. is an enduring preference as a mode of conduct or an end state. The value system of the founders of the organisation has a lasting impact on it. The value system not only influences the working of the company and the attitude of its people but also the choice of its business. 1. Mission and objectives — The mission and objectives of the company guide the priorities, direction of development, business philosophy, and business policy. 2. Management structure and nature Structure is the manner in which the tasks and sub-tasks of the organisation are related. Structure is concerned with the hierarchical relationship and the relationship between the management of different functional areas like the structure of the top management and the pattern of share holding. 3. Human resource This concerns factors like manpower planning, recruitment and selection, compensation, communication, and appraisal. * Intermediaries intermediaries are independent business units and they carry the company’s products and services to the customers. Prominent intermediaries include wholesalers, retailers, merchants, selling agents, brokers, etc. Their objective of being in business is different than being in a firm, so the intermediaries will be interested in maximizing their profits. Any trade promotion scheme will motivate them to push competitors’ product deeper and faster. * Public Positive and favorable public opinion is crucial to marketing success since the public is the authority that permits the existence and operation of competitive marketing systems. This environmental factor includes the general public, its support, the government, and the set of public who have a direct bearing on business. These public can be classified as welcome public, sought public, and unsought public. As a marketer, one must understand that the general public grants the license for conducting business with an expectation that the company will practice fair play. Lack of this supportive framework as evidenced by declining sales or adverse public opinion can lead to eventual failure of the firm as well as the marketing system. * Competitors Success or failure of an offer largely depends on how competitors react to the company‘s offer. Godrej was a successful refrigerator manufacturer. Once competition intensified, the company started losing market share. Today, though there is a growth in refrigerator industry, Godrej as a brand is not growing as fast as its competitors. Through the years, marketing systems have become increasingly competitive. Traditional economic analysis, views competition as a battle between companies in the same industry or between substitutable products. Marketers, however, tend to accept the argument that all firms are competing for a limited discretionary buying power. Though we can say that Maruti as a car manufacturing-company is facing competition from other car manufacturers, ultimately it is the consumers disposable income for which shampoos, soaps, and scooters are also competing with Maruti. A customer is expected to allocate his disposable income optimally and in the process a category also competes with another category to be in the active consideration set of customers for such an allocation. Industry has found numerous new uses for existing products, with the whole arena of competition being expanded. While this forces business to reassess long-established marketing practices, it also opens new avenues of business opportunity. Emergence of computers with multimedia as a tool of infotainment and knowledge sharing device has challenged traditional products in the entertainment market. * Suppliers Increase in the price of raw materials will have a bang on effect on the marketing mix strategy of an organisation. As a result, the prices may be forced up. This is the impact that the suppliers can have. Closer relationship with suppliers is one way of ensuring competitive and quality products for an organisation. * Customers Organisations exist because of customers. No customer means, no business. Organizations on how they meet the needs and wants of the customers and provide them with maximum benefits. Failure to do so will result in a failed business strategy. Q.5 A. Explain the types of Marketing Information systems MIS supplies three types of information, which are: * Monitoring information Monitoring information is the information obtained from scanning external sources which include newspapers, trade publications, technical journals, magazines, directories, balance sheets of companies, and syndicated and published research reports. Data are captured to monitor changes and trends related to marketing situation. Some of these data can be purchased at a price from commercial sources such as market research agencies or from government sources. * Recurrent information — Recurrent information is the information that is generated at regular intervals like monthly sales reports; the stock statements, the trial balance, etc. ln MlS, recurrent information is the data that MIS supplies at a weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual interval, which are made available regularly. It can also provide information on customer awareness of company’s brands, advertising campaigns, and similar data on close competitors. * Customized information   Customized information is also called problem-related, which is developed in response to some speciï ¬ c requirements related to a marketing problem or any particular data requested by a manager. B. Discuss the different components of MIS The overall Objective of an Ml IS to provide inputs from marketing environmental factors like target markets, marketing channels, competitors, consumers, and other forces for creating, changing, and modifying marketing decisions in the formulation of relevant and competitive marketing strategies. * Internal record systems — Internal record systems are available within the company across various departments and provide relevant, routine information for making marketing decisions. The most evident internal record system is the purchase and payment cycle systems. It records the timing and size of orders placed by consumers, the payment cycles followed by consumers, and the time taken to fulfill the orders in the shortest possible time. * Marketing intelligence system A marketing intelligence system is the system of collecting and collating data. This system tries to capture relevant data from the external environment. It collects and manages data from the external environment ab out the competitors’ moves, government regulations, and other relevant information having a direct impact on the marketing environment of the firm. *Analytical marketing systems Analytical marketing systems are also known as Marketing Decision Support Systems (MDSS). A MDSS is a coordinated collection of data, systems, tools, and techniques with supporting software and hardware. Using this collection, an organisation gathers and interprets relevant information from business and environment and turns it into a basis for marketing action. lt involves problem-solving technology consisting of people, knowledge, software, and hardware integrated through the information technology platform into the sales management process of the organisation. * Marketing research systems Marketing research systems are based on systems and processes that help marketing managers to design, collect, analyse, and report data and ï ¬ ndings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company. It also involves analysis of information, which includes a coordinated collection of data, systems, tools, and techniques with supporting software, and hardware by which an organisation gathers and interprets the relevant data and turns it into a basis for marketing action and tactics. Q.6 Describe the factors to be considered while developing an Effective marketing mix. To develop an effective marketing mix the company should consider the following factors and then choose the most appropriate mix of elements (7Ps) to target the customers: * Company’s resources These are one of the prime factors affecting the company’s marketing mix. The financial, human, and technological resources available with the company affect the composition of the marketing mix. The firm needs to conduct a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis for the business unit. * Demographics — It implies to the changes in the composition of the market, the demand of the population, the opportunities in the country, etc. that affect the marketing mix. Current and projected economic conditions It connotes the economic factors like inflation, employment, taxes, and other economic factors that influence marketing mix decisions. * Market potential Analysis of market potential for new products considers market growth, prospects need for your offering, the beneï ¬ ts of the offering the number of barriers to immediate use, the credibility of the offering and the impact on the customers daily operations. * Competitors They are important considerations that affect the marketing mix of a firm as the potential for competitive retaliation is based on the competitor’s resources, commitment to the industry, cash position, predictability, and status of the market. Porter’s Five Forces Model * Supplier power- The power of suppliers to drive up the prices of inputs. * Buyer power- The power of customers to drive ‘down products’ prices. * Competitive rivalry — The strength of competition in the industry. * Threat of substitution The extent to which different products and services can be used in place of a particular product. * Threat of new entry — The ease with which new competitors can enter the market if they see that a product is making good proï ¬ t and then drive your prices down. By thinking about how each force affects a product and by identifying the strength and direction of each force, you can quickly assess the strength of a product’s position and ability to make a sustained proï ¬ t in the industry.

John F. Kennedy Essay -- essays research papers

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in the Boston suburb of Brookline. Kennedy was the son of Joseph P. Kennedy a formerambassador to Great Britain. Kennedy was much like his father, possesing a delightful sense of humor, a strong family loyalty, a concern for the state of the nation, endless vitality and a constant air of confidence no matter how dire the situation In 1946, Kennedy ran successfully for a Boston-based seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was reelected in 1948 and 1950. As a congressman he backed social legislation that benefited his working-class constituents. Although generally supporting President Harry S. Truman's foreign policies, he criticized what he considered the administration's weak stand against the Communist Chinese. Kennedy continued to advocate a strong, anti-Communist foreign policy throughout his career. Restless in the House, Kennedy challenged incumbent Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., in 1952. Although the Republican presidential candidate, Dwight D. Eisenhower, won in Massachusetts as well as the country as a whole, Kennedy showed his remarkable vote-getting appeal by defeating Lodge. A year later, on Sept. 12, 1953, Kennedy married Jacqueline Bouvier. The couple had three children: Caroline Bouvier (b. Nov. 27, 1957), John Fitzgerald, Jr. (b. Nov. 25, 1960), and a second son who died in infancy in August 1963. Kennedy was a relatively ineffectual senator. During parts of 1954 and 1955 he was seriously ill with back ailments and was therefore unable to play an important role in government. Critics observed that he made no effort to oppose the anti-civil libertarian excesses of Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy of Wisconsin. His friends later argued, not entirely persuasively, that he would have voted to censure McCarthy if he had not been hospitalized at the time. During his illness Kennedy worked on a book of biographical studies of American political heroes. Published in 1956 under the title Profiles in Courage, it won a Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1957. Like his earlier book on English foreign policy, it revealed his admiration for forceful political figures. This faith in activism was to become a hallmark of his presidency. In 1956, Kennedy bid unsuccessfully for the Democratic vice-presidential nomination. Thereafter, he set his sights on the presidency, especially after his... ... by at least conniving at the overthrow of Dinh Diem in November 1963. On November 21, 1963, President Kennedy flew to Texas to give several political speeches. The next day, as his car drove slowly past cheering crowds in Dallas, shots rang out. Kennedy was seriously wounded and died a short time later. Within two hours of the shooting, police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald and charged him with the murder. On November 24, a Dallas man, Jack Ruby, shot and killed Oswald before there was a chance to put him on trial. Although Oswald denied that he shot Kennedy, most of the evidence indicates that he really did. To this day, however, many people disagree about the facts of JFK's assassination. Some people insist that there was a second gunman firing at Kennedy, and that he and Ruby were part of a conspiracy. None of these theories has ever been proven. President Kennedy's death caused enormous sadness and grief among all Americans. Most people still remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard the news of the murder. Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in Washington for the President's funeral, and millions throughout the world watched it on television.

In what ways is the concept of gender useful in the study of ancient history?

In antiquity gender was a defining feature of life, we can note that it affected the way society was structured, specifically in the Athenian ‘polis', as well as public events, such as those associated with religious cults. Gender was also influential in politics, especially that of the Romans. Moreover, it is through gender that we can observe the general ancient view towards women, found throughout numerous literary sources and archaeological remains. Firstly, there is a strong link between gender and the Athenian ‘polis', which was commonly considered to be ‘male dominated'. 1 From an early age male and female youths were polarised, so that males were educated professionally, with a strong emphasis on completing sports at the ‘palaestrai' and ‘gymnasia', then they were sent away to complete their military service. In contrast, women were denied no more than basic schooling. However they were introduced into society through religious cults. It is through education that the classical Athenians erected a prominent division between the sexes, in order to prepare the youths for their roles in later life-men for leadership in state and military affairs, women for more subordinate roles. For example, archaeological evidence suggests that young men were groomed for prominent positions in the state, that is, pitchers have been found that illustrate boys celebrating the festival, ‘Anthesterion', ‘the flower month', by sampling wine and participating in crawling races. The former would have been a simplistic pre-taster for male youths of a ‘symposium', philosophical sessions intertwined with heavy drinking periods, exclusively for male citizens. The playwrights Plato and Aristophanes recognised their importance in the ‘polis', as it was for affluent male citizens. In Aristophanic comedies he frequently alludes to scenes of inebriation and obscenity mixed with intervals of learned opinions. The latter would have prepared the youths for athletic competitions. Keuls' suggests that it is through these activities young boys were instilled, ‘with the norms of competitiveness and male privilege'. 2 In comparison, Greek women were initiated into society through religious roles, specifically those associated with chastity, labour and submission. The cult of Athena was particularly important, in which a robe known as a ‘peplos' was dedicated to the goddess that had been especially woven for the occasion. It was then presented to her either by two or four noble girls, known as ‘arrhephoroi', ‘bearers of sacred objects'. Scenes from this cult can be found on sections of the Parthenon frieze (440BC-432BC), detailing events such as the folding of the ‘peplos' by the ‘Archon Basileus', chief magistrate, helped by a young child. This was a significant affair because the cult of Athena portrayed the characteristics sought desirable in each sex. That is, she represented the ‘male patriarchal ethos',3 through a wild war dance, the ‘pyrrhic dance', which was performed by armed dancers. This highlights, through the festival that males were associated with war and had a responsibility to protect the ‘polis'. On the other hand, Athena also represented the female ethos, by emphasising the necessity of hard work and chastity through the tasks of spinning and weaving, which were given prestigious status', through the ritual of the ‘peplos'. Athenian women were associated with passive tasks, illustrating their subordination to men within the ‘polis'. It is also significant that religious festivals structured the female hierarchy. We have already noted that it was only noble girls who could become ‘arrhephoroi', whereas in other cults, such as that of Artemis at Brauron, all girls could participate in the rituals. Just as the female hierarchy needed cult festivals to differentiate between the varying classes, the male hierarchy was determined by society-the ‘polis' and the military. For example, Xenophon, in the ‘Anabasis', highlights the importance and influence of the head of the army, the ‘hegemon', compared to less important positions in the military. That is, when a ‘manteis', a divine interpreter, attempts to slander Xenophon-in this case he is acting as the ‘hegemon'-by suggesting that he would have founded a new city without consulting his troops, Xenophon retorts: ‘Silanus gave me his answer on the most important point, namely, that the appearance of the victim was propitious. He had to since he was aware that I myself, because of always being present at sacrifices had some experience in these matters. ‘ 4 This illustrates, in general, that in warfare, sacrifices were undertaken or overseen by those in commanding positions, such as the ‘hegemon', because they influenced the state. Those in less significant positions in the military had a minimal influence in the running of the state. Thus, highlighting that the military and state were active influences in determining the male hierarchy. So far, we can note that education and cult festivals were influenced by gender, illustrating the importance of studying it in ancient history, as it gives us a fuller picture of ancient Greek society. Furthermore, the perception of the sexes can be seen to vary vastly, Xenophon highlights this in his ‘Oikonomikos', when he determines that men were built for war because their bodies could endure toil and hardship, whereas women were made for domestic work. 5 Another ancient scholar, Ischomachos, comments that the nature of men and women's mind also differ, as women are considered to be more susceptible to emotions and show a lack of restraint. Physical and psychological features influenced ancient Greek scholars into stereotyping the sexes and thus explaining why each gender sought different roles in society. In consideration to the cult of Athena, we can note that the study of mythology is also relevant to the concept of gender and its effects on society. That is, the ‘Panathenaic' procession was based on the myth of the origin of Ericthonius, who was associated with Athens. Hephaistos spilt semen on Athena's lap, which she wiped off with some wool, but consequently Ericthonius was born. The child was then given to Cecrops' daughters, but two of them, Herse and Aglauros, looked at the baby, despite Athena's warning that they should not. This myth emphasises the importance of women as child bearers and nurturers in society. The relevance of the wool can be associated with textile making, an occupation that was encouraged in young women. Likewise the cult of Artemis illustrated to women the importance of chastity, as the myth behind her cult warns them that promiscuity is an undesirable and unacceptable value. Artemis punishes her nymph, Kallisto, who had been raped by Zeus, by changing her into a bear, who is consequently hunted and killed by her own son. The Greeks used the myths as moral paradigms, warning women against unacceptable behaviour in the ‘polis'. Furthermore, Artemis was also concerned with childbirth, as clothes were dedicated to her at Brauron. Keuls' comments that this cult, ‘may have been the most effective way of instilling in females the ethos that male society required of them. ‘ 6 In comparison, if the cult of Artemis and Athena portrayed ideal female virtues that were affable for their role in the ‘polis', then the cult of Theseus represented ideal virtues for the Athenian male citizen. He was the archetypal male hero, as he saved Athens and slaughtered the Minotaur. In a social context, he had protected the ‘polis' and by militant means had killed a foreign being that threatened the well being of the state-actions that were expected of all male Athenians. Funerals were also a very significant event within the ‘polis' and the concept of gender greatly influenced its organisation. Women played a vital role in the ‘prothesis', the procession preceding the actual funeral, when the body was placed on a bier and was surrounded by mourners. It was the role of the women to lament- the more intense they seemed, the more honoured the dead appeared. Firstly, in connection with lamentation, we can note that women played an integral role in this procession, as they allowed men to keep up an austere appearance. This allowed the males to protect their masculine front, as they could refrain form outwardly expressing their grief. We have already observed, from ancient scholars, such as Xenophon, that only certain characteristics were deemed acceptable for men. Plaques and funeral vases illustrate the different roles performed during the ‘prothesis' by men and women. For example, a funeral pot of the late geometric period depicts men in processions of armed warriors or on horseback. 7 It is notable that they remain untearful, when compared to the numerous figurines of women in lamentable positions. The men honour the dead by highlighting the prestige of dying whilst in battle. Two ideals of mourning were set up to protect the social structure-women lament due to their lack of restraint of their emotions, emphasising their fragile characters, deeming them unfit for leadership. Whereas, men retain their dignity through their restraint and their passive role in the ‘prothesis'. Furthermore, funerals allowed aristocratic families to present their rank and power in society. Therefore, the lamentation was a reflection of the family's status. Hans Van Wees states that, ‘tears were a sign of respect to the dead†¦ ears of women played a part in the power struggle of men. ‘ 8 This illustrates that women had a significant role in the society of men, but one that was manipulated to benefit the running of the state. Moreover, the emotions of the women became so severe, as they behaved as a medium, that Solon had to institute legislations to curtail their display, as women had resorted to lacerating their arms and other forms of self-mutilation. The concept of gender is also very noteworthy in ancient literature, as men and women were perceived very differently in comparison to their perception in the ‘polis'. For example, during the Homeric era, it was not uncommon to observe heroes crying, a characteristic that would later be associated with the ‘fairer sex'. We first see Odysseus on Calypso's island, weeping in despair to return home to Ithaca. 9 Likewise, Homer frequently alludes to Odysseus's wife, Penelope, crying. For instance, we observe her crying for her lost husband when she retrieves his bow for the suitors' competition. 10 Both of the genders display similar characteristics, which Homer's audience obviously found acceptable in men. This emphasises that the gap between the genders widened with the progression of society and the founding of the structure of the ‘polis'. A further example that illustrates this point can come from the medium of tragedy, as the perception of male literary figures had conformed to the opinions of the ‘polis'. That is, male characters are portrayed as more restrained towards their emotions, in Aeschylus' ‘Agamemnon', the male king shows a considerable deal of restraint when Clytaemnestra offers him the sacred carpets to walk on. He states: ‘This-you treat me like a woman†¦ ive me the tributes of a man†¦ '11 Agamemnon displays his lack of excitement towards the frivolity of walking on ‘nice' tapestries that obviously would have appealed to a woman's nature. In the Homeric era, heroes appreciated niceties-Odysseus is bathed in perfume when he gets to Phaecia, there are constant allusions to Paris preening and primping himself and we are frequently reminded of his good looks. This illustrates the progression of the male status from the Heroic age to classical Athens. Briefly, we can note that Homeric heroes took an active grieving role in funerals. Achilles pours grimy dust on his face and beasts his breast, accompanied by his handmaidens; then Homer states that: ‘Antilochus mourned with him, letting the tears fall†¦ '12 Furthermore, this reiterates the different characteristics found in the male persona of the heroic age, rather than the age of the ‘polis'. However, we should also observe that the Homeric heroes were not completely without restraint, they just depicted less moderation than would have been acceptable for later Greeks. For example, the Trojans are commanded not to weep whilst collecting their dead bodies from the battlefield, which they do. They show a determined self-control, perhaps not as noted in the Homeric women, such as Odysseus' wife, Penelope. Furthermore, it is also through tragedy that we can note the progression of the perception of ancient women. In reference to Aeschylus' ‘Agamemnon', it has been observed that Clytaemnestra is portrayed with masculine attributes, as it is she who plots and kills her husband, with an axe in the bath. Her lover, Aegisthus, states to the chorus: ‘The treachery was the woman's work, clearly. '13 In the prologue, the watchman comments: ‘That woman -she manoeuvres like a man. '14 Firstly, Clytaemnestra has overstepped the divide that marked the different statuses of men and women in the ‘polis', on account of her masculine behaviour. Aeschylus, through tragedy, has illustrated that if women are not supervised within society, the social structure will collapse, as they are lead by their emotions. This would have highlighted the importance of the ‘kyrios', who acted as a guardian to Athenian women, to keep them in check within the ‘polis'. Moreover, this illustrates the common perception of women, as tragic heroines are often perceived as being manipulative, treacherous and unfaithful. This is emphasised by the character of Clytaemnestra, as well as Electra, who later persuades her brother, Orestes, to kill their mother, in Aeschylus' ‘Eumenides' and Euripides ‘Electra'. These characteristics illustrate that women are unworthy to lead the state, and highlights the insistence that they remain inferior to men within the social structure, maintaining their role in family matters. In Aristophanic comedies, such as ‘Lysistrata', women were also depicted as being drunkards and sex fiends, qualities that were associated with slaves. This is noteworthy, as slaves were considered not to be wholly free and without possessing any rights within the ‘polis', such as voting. Furthermore, slaves and women were also both low down in the social structure. Aristotle in his ‘Politics', stated that women were, ‘slaves by nature'. This demonstrates the lack of freedom that women possessed, highlighting their seclusion within classical Athens. The majority of the time, women were physically kept within the home-apart from when they participated in particular public events-to keep them subordinate, in a social context. Furthermore, according to Solon15, if a woman was in the company of men all the time, she would not want to get married. Thus she would be defying her role as a life giver and producer of heirs, and so she would be disrupting her status within the ‘polis'. In contrast, in the heroic age of Homer, women were given a considerable amount of freedom, for example, we see Helen with Priam, on the walls of Troy, pointing out to all the different Greek warriors. Moreover, Penelope, in the Odyssey, acts as the hostess at the banquet of the suitors, totally surrounded by men. We can see that the seclusion of women became more intense with the founding of the ‘polis', which brought along a greater need to categorise the genders. The concept of gender is also very significant when studying the politics of ancient Rome. Roman historians of the imperial era have recorded the great influence of women on particular male emperors. For example, the historian, Tacitus, in his ‘Annals', records the influence of Nero's mother, Agrippina the Younger, on his political career. It is she who initiates the poisoning of her husband, Claudius, and his son, Britannicus, so that Nero can usurp the power of the empire. Roman coins depict her bust, alongside that of her son's, displaying that she is ruling with him. It is significant that her role becomes less influential as Nero grows up and adopts more power. This is again illustrated through the medium of the coins, as we can note the gradual removal of her image from the obverse of the coins. The influence of his mother was so strong that he could only be freed from it, by attempting to murder her, through a collapsing boat. Thus, this demonstrates that imperial women dominated their male associates and played a leading role within in the running of the state. However, we should note that they still remained in the background, ruling behind their male relatives, as Rome was a male dominated state. Clark suggests that, ‘women might, then, have considerable influence and interests outside their home and families, but they were acting from within their families to affect a social system managed by men: their influence was not to be publicly acknowledged. '16 However, it has also been recorded that other imperial women had infiltrated the very male event of patronage. Octavia had acted or had interceded with male relatives as a patron, also, Messalina and Agrippina the Younger, were the patrons of Claudius' freedmen, such as Narcissus. This highlights the prestigious role of women in the empire. It is also significant that they were involved in particular public affairs, demonstrating that the social structure of Rome was gradually changing form being solely a male establishment, to a state outwardly influenced by both genders. Furthermore, Dio records that the senate honoured Livia with an arch as she had helped many senatorial children in times of need. 7 Likewise, the public recognition of Livia's role in the running of the state was acknowledged by the senate. However, it is important to note that the prominent role of women during the imperial period was not considerably favoured by all. Fischler comments that many men considered ‘a good emperor to have had wives and mothers that he could control and who never overstepped the boundaries set by convention'. 18 For example, Tiberius refused honours for his mother, Livia, because he did not want to seem to be influenced by her actions. Women may have been more prominent in the political sphere but it was not fully approved by the public opinion, which was aired by the majority of men. The significant role of women was fully acknowledged by Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who recognised the importance of women as figures of a new political regime. They represented the move from the Republican era to the Imperial era, as they were significant members of his dynasty. Fischler goes onto observe that ‘women were symbols of the imperial order. '19 The society of the Republic was less tolerant of the presence of women in the public eye. They had few rights within the state, such as, they were not allowed to vote or, as Valerius Maximus records, appear or act in courts20 and were generally under the ‘potestas of the ‘paterfamilias'. However, unlike the Greek ‘polis' women were not secluded from society, as they were allowed to own property and divorce their husbands. There were two types of marriage- that of ‘cum manu', in which the woman remained under her father's rule, as he even had the power to end her marriage; or that of ‘sine manu', in which women were allowed to own their own property an divorce their husbands. The former type of marriage was common in the early Republic and the latter, in the late Republic. This illustrates the progression of women's freedom in society and their further prominence in the public eye. The perception of gender and the way it affected the structure of society can be noted in forms of literature, such as satire. For example, Juvenal, who was writing either under the emperor, Trajan or Domitian, perceives the progression of women in the public sphere as a bad thing. That is, women had transgressed the divide between the genders, as they had adopted masculine roles in society, such as acting in political matters, demonstrated in Tacitus' portrayal of Agrippina. Furthermore Juvenal goes onto condemn the public sexuality of women and the growing effeminacy of men. In a social context. He highlights the breakdown of the social structure of the Roman society, that is, he considers the sexes to have changed roles and transgressed their divisions, which had given certain roles to men and to women in order to structure society. For example, he describes the ‘whore empress' coming home from the brothel to the Imperial palace. 21 Furthermore, his female persona attacks males for preferring homosexuality and states that overseas people are laughing at their effeminacy. 22 In contrast, he frequently extols the old virtues of chastity in women and praises the good old days, when men worked in fields and completed other masculine tasks23. Thus highlighting the change of roles in gender, on account of a changing society. In conclusion, we can argue that the concept of gender is extremely important when studying ancient history, as it played a significant role in defining the structure of society. The progression of society, both Greek and Roman, can also be marked by the changing perceptions of each gender, found in abundant literary sources and archaeological material. These sources of evidence make it possible to study gender, however we should also take into account, when using literature as evidence, some external influences. For example, when consulting tragedy or comedy. For the perception of Greek women, we should note that the playwrights exaggerated the characteristics of figures, for dramatic effects. That is to say, in the ‘polis', not all Greek women were alcoholics with a sex addiction, as portrayed in Aristophanic comedies. Likewise, from Juvenal's satires we cannot assume that all Roman women were promiscuous, due to the degeneration of their social structure. The ancient writers were assuming the ‘worst-case-scenarios', highlighting what would happen without a social structure in society. However, there is truth behind these pieces of literature, as the authors had to base their work on realism, so that their audiences could relate to their work. Furthermore, we should take into consideration the genre that the author was writing for, for example, Tacitus was considered to be a ‘silver age' writer, thus his writing would have portrayed characteristics of that type. Thus, his work is macabre and sombre; therefore his portrayals of his characters would reflect that style. Likewise, archaeological evidence should be considered with care, as depictions on pots and vases are left to our own personal interpretation.